Efektivitas Program GEMAS Berbasis Bermain dalam Membentuk Perilaku Peduli Lingkungan Anak Usia Dini
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Abstract
Perilaku membuang sampah sembarangan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama permasalahan sampah di Indonesia dan sering kali terbentuk sejak usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas Program GEMAS (Gerakan Membiasakan Anak Sadar Sampah) berbasis Play-Based Learning, Social Learning Theory, dan Theory of Planned Behavior dalam membentuk perilaku peduli lingkungan pada anak usia 5–6 tahun. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimen pretest-posttest control group dengan melibatkan 30 anak yang dibagi ke dalam kelompok eksperimen (n = 15) dan kelompok kontrol (n = 15). Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi perilaku serta wawancara dengan guru dan orang tua, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan Mann–Whitney U. Hasil menunjukkan adanya peningkatan perilaku yang signifikan pada kelompok eksperimen (Z = -3,823; p < 0,001), sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan (Z = -1,000; p = 0,317). Perbandingan skor posttest antara kedua kelompok juga menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (U = 0,000; p < 0,001). Besaran efek program tergolong tinggi (effect size = 0,905). Temuan kualitatif mengindikasikan peningkatan kesadaran lingkungan, kemampuan memilah sampah, dan keberanian anak untuk mengingatkan teman yang membuang sampah sembarangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Program GEMAS efektif sebagai model pendidikan lingkungan berbasis bermain untuk membentuk perilaku peduli lingkungan pada anak usia dini.
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