Pencegahan Stunting melalui Pendekatan Sosial Budaya dan Upaya Kolaboratif di Sulawesi Tenggara
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Abstract
Stunting tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang kritis di Sulawesi Tenggara, dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor sosial budaya yang membutuhkan strategi kolaboratif yang efektif untuk pencegahannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor sosial budaya dan strategi kolaboratif dalam pencegahan stunting di Sulawesi Tenggara. Dengan desain penelitian kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi, data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan diskusi kelompok terfokus (FGD) dengan informan kunci, termasuk tenaga kesehatan, tokoh masyarakat, dan kader kesehatan di Buton Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara. Analisis data mengidentifikasi faktor sosial budaya seperti rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, minimnya kesadaran gizi, serta praktik tradisional yang memprioritaskan pendapatan di atas asupan gizi anak. Banyak keluarga memilih menjual makanan berkualitas daripada mengonsumsinya, mengakibatkan kurangnya keberagaman makanan. Kepercayaan budaya juga mendorong pemberian makanan pendamping ASI secara dini, meskipun bertentangan dengan pedoman kesehatan. Komunikasi antara tenaga kesehatan dan masyarakat sering terhambat oleh resistensi terhadap perubahan dan praktik tradisional. Namun, kolaborasi antara pusat kesehatan dan masyarakat melalui komunikasi berbasis budaya, pendekatan personal seperti program "sweeping stunting," serta keterlibatan tokoh lokal terbukti penting meskipun partisipasinya masih belum konsisten. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencegahan stunting memerlukan pendekatan menyeluruh yang mengintegrasikan sensitivitas budaya dengan kolaborasi yang berkelanjutan.
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