Bagaimana Faktor Sosial Budaya Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Suku Tolaki?
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Abstract
Penelitian mengenai faktor sosiokultural terhadap kejadian stunting pada etnis tertentu, masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki faktor sosial budaya yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada suku Tolaki. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang yang dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2023 di kota Kendari. Sampel penlitian ini adalah Ibu suku Tolaki dengan anak usia 6 hingga 59 bulan. Variabel sosiokultural, termasuk praktik selama kehamilan, persalinan, menyusui, pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI), dan dukungan sosial, dinilai melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD), yang dilanjutkan dengan pengembangan kuesioner yang telah divalidasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 184 responden, dimana 52 balita mengalami stunting (28,2%). Analisis perbedaan karakteristik responden berdasarkan kejadian stunting menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada riwayat penyakit, pendapatan keluarga, jumlah anggota keluarga, dan keberadaan anggota keluarga yang merokok antara balita stunting dan tidak stunting. Faktor sosiokultural menunjukkan bahwa bayi yang diberikan madu sesaat setelah lahir sebelum diberi ASI berisiko mengalami stunting dengan OR sebesar 2,56 (1,17:5,59) dan p-value sebesar 0,018. Faktor kesehatan dan sosial budaya berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya stunting pada suku Tolaki di Sulawesi Tenggara. Pemahaman mendalam mengenai faktor-faktor sosiokultural ini penting untuk merancang intervensi yang tepat guna mengurangi prevalensi stunting pada komunitas tertentu di Indonesia.
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