Perspektif Neuropsikologi mengenai Dampak Screen Time terhadap Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini
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Abstract
Berbagai studi telaah literatur telah banyak membahas tentang dampak screen time terhadap perkembangan anak usia dini dari perspektif perilaku maupun psikologis. Akan tetapi, belum ada studi telaah literatur yang mengkaji dampak screen time dari perspektif neuropsikologi. Studi telaah literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengkaji artikel-artikel penelitian neuropsikologi tentang dampak screen time terhadap perkembangan anak usia dini. Terdapat 11 artikel yang diperoleh dari tiga database yaitu PubMed, Nature, dan Scopus. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis konten yaitu dengan mengelompokkan berbagai hasil penelitian menjadi kategori dalam memahami dampak screen time. Hasil dari telaah literatur menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan screen time pada anak usia dini berdampak pada berkurangnya kesatuan materi putih, ketebalan korteks dan kedalaman sulkus, serta terjadi sinkronisasi neurologis yang lebih sedikit. Selain itu, anak juga memiliki pola hidup tidak sehat, kemampuan berbahasa dan atensi yang menurun, serta terjadi permasalahan perilaku dan emosi pada usia sekolah. Penggunaan screen time pada anak usia dini seharusnya dapat lebih diminimalisasi atau bahkan dihindari agar tidak berdampak pada perkembangan anak dalam jangka panjang.
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