Kegiatan Play Outdor untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Motorik Anak Taman Kanak-Kanak Usia 5-6 Tahun

Main Article Content

Usman Usman
Tri Zulhidayah
Windi Lestari

Abstract

Kegiatan paly outdoor dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi perkembangn gerak anak, aktivitas dialam terbuka akan memberikan stimulasi pada gerak lokomotorik, non lokomotorik dan manipulatif. Dengan kegiatan berjalan cepat, berlari, membungkuk, menekuk, menggiring bola, kemampuan dan  melempar akan menjadi stimulus dalam perkembangan gerak anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan efektivitas permainan play outdoor terhadap perkembangan gerak anak di Kelompok B TK Pelangi Bulukumba. Dengan Sampel penelitian sebanyak 20 orang. Penelitian ini menggumakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksperimen one group test pretest dan postest. Untuk melihat kemampuan motorik anak dilakukan dengan unjuk kerja, kemudian data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan lembar  observasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statisitik parametrik paired sampel t test dan N Gain skor. Dari hasil analisis data simpulkan bahwa kegiatan play outdoor memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan motorik gerak lomotorik, non lokomotorik dan manipulatif. Dan hasil uji N Gain berada dalam kategori tinggi hal mengindikasikan bahwa kegiatan play outdoor efektivit efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik anak didik kelompok B di TK Pelangi Bulukumba.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Usman, U., Zulhidayah, T., & Lestari, W. (2024). Kegiatan Play Outdor untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Motorik Anak Taman Kanak-Kanak Usia 5-6 Tahun. Murhum : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(1), 928–943. https://doi.org/10.37985/murhum.v5i1.452
Section
Articles

References

P. Tandon, N. Hassairi, J. Soderberg, and G. Joseph, “The relationship of gross motor and physical activity environments in child care settings with early learning outcomes,” Early Child Dev. Care, vol. 190, no. 4, pp. 570–579, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1080/03004430.2018.1485670.

U. H. M. Tangse and D. Dimyati, “Permainan Estafet untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun,” J. Obs. J. Pendidik. Anak Usia Dini, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 9–16, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.31004/obsesi.v6i1.1166.

K. Wick et al., “Interventions to Promote Fundamental Movement Skills in Childcare and Kindergarten: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Sport. Med., vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2045–2068, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0723-1.

V. Carson et al., “Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years),” BMC Public Health, vol. 17, no. S5, p. 854, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4860-0.

L. M. Barnett et al., “Correlates of Gross Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Sport. Med., vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 1663–1688, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0495-z.

J. Rojo-Ramos, M. J. González-Becerra, S. Gómez-Paniagua, J. Carlos-Vivas, Á. Acevedo-Duque, and J. C. Adsuar, “Psychomotor Skills Activities in the Classroom from an Early Childhood Education Teachers’ Perspective,” Children, vol. 9, no. 8, p. 1214, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.3390/children9081214.

V. Biino, V. Tinagli, F. Borioni, and C. Pesce, “Cognitively enriched physical activity may foster motor competence and executive function as early as preschool age: a pilot trial,” Phys. Educ. Sport Pedagog., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 425–443, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1080/17408989.2021.1990249.

H. L. Frankel and L. J. Kaplan, “In brief,” Curr. Probl. Surg., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 414–417, 2020, doi: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2013.07.002.

J. L. Johnson et al., “Changes in Fundamental Motor-Skill Performance Following a Nine-Month Mastery Motivational Climate Intervention,” Res. Q. Exerc. Sport, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 517–526, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1628909.

M. Cantell, S. Houwen, and M. Schoemaker, “Age-related validity and reliability of the Dutch Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (LDCDQ-NL),” Res. Dev. Disabil., vol. 84, no. January, pp. 28–35, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.02.010.

D. D. Bingham, S. Costa, T. Hinkley, K. A. Shire, S. A. Clemes, and S. E. Barber, “Physical Activity During the Early Years,” Am. J. Prev. Med., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 384–402, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.04.022.

M. Skar, L. C. Wold, V. Gundersen, and L. O’Brien, “Why do children not play in nearby nature? Results from a Norwegian survey,” J. Adventure Educ. Outdoor Learn., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 239–255, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.1080/14729679.2016.1140587.

H. Gümüşdağ, “Effects of Pre-school Play on Motor Development in Children,” Univers. J. Educ. Res., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 580–587, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.13189/ujer.2019.070231.

K. E. Adolph and J. M. Franchak, “The development of motor behavior,” WIREs Cogn. Sci., vol. 8, no. 1–2, p. e1430, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1002/wcs.1430.

A. Bautista, A. Moreno-Núñez, P. Vijayakumar, E. Quek, and R. Bull, “Gross motor teaching in preschool education: where, what and how do Singapore educators teach? (Enseñanza de la motricidad gruesa en educación infantil: ¿dónde, qué y cómo enseñan las maestras en Singapur?),” J. Study Educ. Dev., vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 443–482, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1080/02103702.2019.1653057.

E. J. Buckler and S. S. D. Bredin, “Examining the knowledge base and level of confidence of early childhood educators in physical literacy and its application to practice,” Early Years, vol. 41, no. 2–3, pp. 202–217, May 2021, doi: 10.1080/09575146.2018.1514488.

J. D. Goodway, J. C. Ozmun, and D. L. Gallahue, Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults, 8th ed. Burlingtong: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.co.id/books?id=h5KwDwAAQBAJ

D. D. Anggraini, Perkembangan Fisik Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini. Kediri: CV Kreator Cerdas Indonesia, 2022. [Online]. Available: http://repository.iainmadura.ac.id/492/

F. Cleland Donnelly, S. Mueller, and D. Gallahue, Developmental Physical Education for All Children 5th Edition: Theory Into Practice. Human Kinetics, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZiIjDQAAQBAJ

G. Armstrong et al., “Associations between the home yard and preschoolers’ outdoor play and physical activity,” Public Heal. Res. Pract., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1–9, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.17061/phrp2911907.

H. Acar, “Learning Environments for Children in Outdoor Spaces,” Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci., vol. 141, pp. 846–853, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.147.

L. Chawla, “Benefits of Nature Contact for Children,” J. Plan. Lit., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 433–452, Nov. 2015, doi: 10.1177/0885412215595441.

E.-Y. Lee et al., “Systematic review of the correlates of outdoor play and time among children aged 3-12 years,” Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act., vol. 18, no. 1, p. 41, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01097-9.

D. Shanahan et al., “Nature–Based Interventions for Improving Health and Wellbeing: The Purpose, the People and the Outcomes,” Sports, vol. 7, no. 6, p. 141, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.3390/sports7060141.

Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2015.

J. W. C. D. J. D. Creswell, Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches. 2018.

Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI, “Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 137 tahun 2014 Tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini,” 2014.

A. Ross and Victor L. Willson, Basic and Advanced Statistical Tests Independent Samples T-Test. Leiden (The Netherlands): Brill, 2017. doi: 10.1007/9789463510868_004.

M. A. Oktaviani and H. basuki Notobroto, “Perbandingan Tingkat Konsistensi Normalitas Distribusi Metode,” J. Biometrika dan Kependud., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 127–135, 2014, [Online]. Available: https://journal.unair.ac.id/JBK@perbandingan-tingkat-konsistensi-normalitas-distribusi-metode-kolmogorov-smirnov,-lilliefors,-shapiro-wilk,-dan-skewness-kurtosis-article-10221-media-40-category-3.html

D. E. Meltzer, “The relationship between mathematics preparation and conceptual learning gains in physics: A possible ‘hidden variable’ in diagnostic pretest scores,” Am. J. Phys., vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 1259–1268, Dec. 2002, doi: 10.1119/1.1514215.

U. Usman, H. Hasmawaty, S. Sadaruddin, S. Syamsuardi, and N. Nasarudin, “Pengaruh Kegiatan Senam Irama Terhadap Keterampilan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun,” J. Usia Dini, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 338, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.24114/jud.v9i2.52621.

P. Sutapa and S. Suharjana, “Improving Gross Motor Skills by Gross Kinesthetic-and Contemporary-Based Physical Activity in Early Childhood,” J. Cakrawala Pendidik., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 540–551, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.21831/cp.v38i3.25324.

N. Leggett and L. Newman, “Play: Challenging Educators’ Beliefs about Play in the Indoor and Outdoor Environment,” Australas. J. Early Child., vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 24–32, Mar. 2017, doi: 10.23965/AJEC.42.1.03.

A. Ansari, K. Pettit, and E. Gershoff, “Combating Obesity in Head Start,” J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr., vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 605–612, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000215.

R. Kurniawan, S. Pambudi, and F. P. Heynoek, “Development of Teacher Guidelines on Non-Locomotor Movement Learning for Student with Autism,” J. Pendidik. Jasm. Indones., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 57–68, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.21831/jpji.v18i1.48626.

R. Kurniawan, I. A. Pradana, and F. P. Heynoek, “Pengembangan modul guru materi variasi dan kombinasi gerak lokomotor non-lokomotor manipulatif untuk siswa autis,” Multilater. J. Pendidik. Jasm. dan Olahraga, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 98, May 2022, doi: 10.20527/multilateral.v21i2.13161.

A. N. A. Kezić, I. Šimunović, and S. D. Kalinski, “Application of the TGMD-2 test in early school-age children for determining the level of fundamental movement skills in different sports,” J. Phys. Educ. Sport, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 635–639, 2020, doi: 10.7752/jpes.2020.02093.

A. Jayasuriya, M. Williams, T. Edwards, and P. Tandon, “Parents’ Perceptions of Preschool Activities: Exploring Outdoor Play,” Early Educ. Dev., vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1004–1017, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1080/10409289.2016.1156989.

E.-Y. Lee et al., “Systematic review of the correlates of outdoor play and time among children aged 3-12 years,” Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act., vol. 18, no. 1, p. 41, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01097-9.

H. Hasmawaty, U. Usman, and I. Intisari, “Improving Children’s Science Skills Through Play Activities in Outdoor Play,” Temat. J. Pemikir. dan Penelit. Pendidik. Anak Usia Dini, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 45, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.26858/tematik.v9i1.47953.

E. B. H. Sandseter, R. Kleppe, and O. J. Sando, “The Prevalence of Risky Play in Young Children’s Indoor and Outdoor Free Play,” Early Child. Educ. J., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 303–312, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10643-020-01074-0.

A. D. Oktaria and W. D. Andika, “Identifikasi Keterampilan Gerak Manipulatif Anak Usia 6-7 Tahun Selama Masa Pandemi Covid- 19,” J. Early Child. Character Educ., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 17–28, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.21580/joecce.v2i1.10089.

N. Zeng, M. Ayyub, H. Sun, X. Wen, P. Xiang, and Z. Gao, “Effects of Physical Activity on Motor Skills and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review,” Biomed Res. Int., vol. 2017, pp. 1–13, 2017, doi: 10.1155/2017/2760716.

M. N. Syaputra and H. Warni, “Penerapan model problem base learning dalam pembelajaran gerak dasar manipulatif,” Multilater. J. Pendidik. Jasm. dan Olahraga, vol. 22, no. 4, p. 76, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.20527/multilateral.v22i4.16365.

C. Mulryan-Kyne, “The school playground experience: opportunities and challenges for children and school staff,” Educ. Stud., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 377–395, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1080/03055698.2014.930337.

F. Damayanti, W. Palupi, and N. E. Nurjanah, “Peningkatan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Melalui Gerak Manipulatif Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun,” Kumara Cendekia, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 126, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.20961/kc.v8i2.39744.

N. Nurunnabilah, R. Abdul Gani, and R. Gustiawati, “Pengaruh Permainan Gerak Manipulatif Terhadap Konsentrasi Belajar,” J. Porkes, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 498–509, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.29408/porkes.v5i2.6109.

R. D. Astuti, “Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Metode Outdoor Learning Untuk Mengembangkan Perilaku Sosial Anak Usia Dini,” Pedagog. J. Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidik. Anak Usia Dini, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 20, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.30651/pedagogi.v5i2.3378.

D. Li and W. C. Sullivan, “Impact of views to school landscapes on recovery from stress and mental fatigue,” Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 148, no. 1, pp. 149–158, Apr. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.12.015.

M. Tremblay et al., “Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 6475–6505, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.3390/ijerph120606475.

A. Ali, C. McLachlan, O. Mugridge, T. McLaughlin, C. Conlon, and L. Clarke, “The Effect of a 10-Week Physical Activity Programme on Fundamental Movement Skills in 3–4-Year-Old Children within Early Childhood Education Centres,” Children, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 440, May 2021, doi: 10.3390/children8060440.

X. Han, M. Zhao, Z. Kong, and J. Xie, “Association between fundamental motor skills and executive function in preschool children: A cross-sectional study,” Front. Psychol., vol. 13, no. August, pp. 1–9, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.978994.

P. Koolwijk, J. Hoeboer, R. Mombarg, G. J. P. Savelsbergh, and S. de Vries, “Fundamental movement skill interventions in young children: a systematic review,” Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol., no. May, pp. 1–23, May 2023, doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2023.2210597.